Place
Physical Geography

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Climate

The climate in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific is mostly tropical as there are hot and humid temperatures all year round with lots of rain. The regions contain a wet/dry season due to the seasonal shifts in winds. The tropical rain belt creates additional rainfall during the monsoon season (the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and Southern Asia which blows from the southwest during the summer and from the northeast during the winter). However, the climate in the mountain areas in the northern region (high altitudes) have milder temperatures and drier landscapes. The other parts of the regions don't belong to the common climate because they are desert-like.

Landforms

Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Singapore lie on the peninsula of Southeast Asia. These countries are very mountainous with large rivers running through them (the Ayeyarwady River and the Mekong River stream to the South China Sea and the Andaman Sea). Southeast Asia contains the island countries of Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, and East Tlimor which are smaller than the peninsula countries. The islands are spread across the tip of the mainland peninsula and are bordered by the Indian Ocean, the South China Sea, and Pacific Oceans.
Southeast Asia is divided into two distinct regions (the mainland peninsula and the insular zone).

Major Islands of Indonesia and the Philippines

Indonesia:

Bali, Timor, Java, Kalimantan, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Halmahera

Philippines:

Cebu, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Mindoro, Palawan, Sulu Archipelago

Some Important Cities Aside from Capitals

Mandalay (Burma)
Chiang Mai, Hat Yai (Thailand)
Ho Chi Minh, Dien Bien Phu (Vietnam)
Luang Prabang (Laos)
Medan in Sumatra; Ujung Pandung in Sulawesi; Jogjakarta in Java (Indonesia)
Cebu City in Cebu; Baguio City in Luzon; Davao City in Mindanao (Philippines)

Major Rivers

Chao Phraya (Thailand)
Irrawaddy (Burma)
Mekong (IndoChina)
Red River (Vietnam)

Major Mountain Ranges

Annamite Cordillera (Vietnam)
Arakan Yoma (in Burma)
Cardamon Mountains (in Cambodia)
Kinabalu (in Malaysia)
Grand Cordillera Central (in the Philippines)

Vegetation

The vegetation in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific is suitable for harvesting in forests. Because of the evergreen climate and the deciduous rain forests in the regions, there is an abundance of resources. Some of the plant life in the region include Bamboo, Durian, Jamu, Rafflesia, Kapok Tree, Mangrove Forests, Strangler Figs, and Tualang. There is also a wild diversity and unique breed of animal life; Benegal Tigers, Water Buffalos, King Cobras, etc.

Human Geography

Man Made Structures

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Angkor Wat, Cambodia


















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Borobudur, Indonesia

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Wat Phra Kaew - Bangkok, Thailand

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Pha That Luang (Great Sacred Stupa) - Vientiane, Laos


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Darussalam - Brunei


Economy

The Southern Hemisphere is a crucial part of the modern day's world trading system. In the region, important spices such as pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg are huge aspects to the Southeastern economy. The spice trade was conducted by the Indians and Arabs, but it later influenced Europeans into the region.

The region's economy is largely based on agriculture, but manufacturing and services are also important and common. Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. NIC's (Newly Industrializing Countries) include Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Singapore and Burma are developed economies. The region is famous for its manufactures of textiles, electronic goods, and larger-scaled industrial products such as vehicles. Oil reserves are also present.


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Changes in Monthly Per Capita - Southeast Asia
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GNI Per Capita



















Language

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Nicobarese, Bengali, English, Hindi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Shompen, Andamanese languages
Brunei
Malay, English, Chinese, indigenous Borneian dialects
Burma (Myanmar)
Burmese, Shan, Karen, Rakhine, Kachin, Chin, Mon, Chinese languages, Indian languages
Cambodia
Khmer, English, French, Vietnamese, Thai, Chamic dialects, Chinese languages
Christmas Island
English, Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
English, Cocos Malay
East Timor
Tetum, Portuguese, Indonesian, English, Mambae, Makasae, Tukudede, Bunak, Galoli, Kemak, Fataluku, Baikeno
Indonesia
Indonesian, Acehnese, Batak, Minang, Sundanese, Javanese, Sasak, Tetum, Dayak, Minahasa, Toraja, Buginese, Halmahera, Ambonese, Ceramese; English, Dutch, Papuan languages, Chinese
Laos
Laos, Thai, Vietnamese, Hmong, Miao, Mien, Dao, Shan; French, English
Malaysia
Malay, English, Chinese dialects, Indian languages, Sarawakian and Sabahan languages
Philippines
Filipino, English, Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, Pangasinan
Singapore
English, Mandarin (Chinese), Malay, Tamil, other Chinese languages, other Indian languages, Arabic dialects
South China Sea Islands
English, Filipino, Malay, Mandarin (Chinese), Vietnamese
Thailand
Thai, English, Chinese languages, Malay, Lao, Khmer, Isaan, Shan, Lue, Phutai, Mon, Mein, Hmong, Karen, Burmese
Vietnam
Vietnamese, English, Chinese languages, French, Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian, hmong)

Politics

Most of the countries in Southeast Asia, excluding New Timor and Papua New Guinea, are members of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). A worldwide political and economic organization which aims to develop a stronger economy, society and culture while maintaining peace and stability within the region.

Religion

Brunei
Islam (67%), Buddhism (13%), Christianity (10%), indigenous beliefs (10%)
Burma
Buddhism (89%), Islam (4%), Christianity (4%), Animism (1%), indigenous beliefs (2%)
Cambodia
Buddhism (95%), Islam, Christianity, Animism, indigenous beliefs (5%)
Christmas Islands
Buddhism (36%), Islam (25%), Christianity (18%), Taoism (15%), indigenous beliefs (6%)
Cocos Islands
Islam (80%), indigenous beliefs (20%)
East Timor
Roman Catholicism (90%), Islam (5%), Protestant (3%), indigenous beliefs (2%)
Indonesia
Islam (86.1%), Protestant (5.7%), Roman Catholicism (3%), Hinduism (1.8%), indigenous beliefs (3.4%)
Laos
Buddhism (65%) Animism (32.9%), Christianity (1.3%), Indigenous beliefs (0.8%)
Malaysia
Islam (60.4%), Buddhism (19.2%), Christianity (9.1%), Hinduism (6.1%), Animism (5.2%)
Papa New Guinea
Roman Catholicism (27%), Evangelical Lutheran (20%), United Church (12%), 7th Day Adventist Church (10%), Pentecostal (9%), Evangelical (7%), Anglican (3%), Christianity (8%), indigenous beliefs (4%)
Philippines
Roman Catholicism (80%), Islam (5%), Evangelical (2.8%), Iglesia ni Cristo (2.2%), Philippine Independent Church (2%), Christianity (3%), indigenous beliefs (5%)
Singapore
Buddhism (42.5%), Islam (15%), Taoism (8%), Roman Catholicism (4.5%), Hinduism (4%), Atheism (15%), Christian (10%), Indigenous beliefs (1%)
South China Islands
Buddhism, Christianity, Confuscianism, Islam, Taoism, Atheism
Thailand
Buddhism (94.6%), Islam (4.6%), Indigenous beliefs (1%)
Vietnam
Buddhism (78%), Roman Catholicism (7%), Cao Dai (2%), Protestant (1%), Indigenous beliefs (7%)

Population

The population of the region is approximately 568.300.000 as of the 21st century.

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Population Pyramid of Southeast Asia


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Works Cited

"Southeast Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia#Religions>.

"Home - The McGraw-Hill Companies." Home - The McGraw-Hill Companies. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. <http://www.mcgrawhill.com/>.

"South-East Asia Information." SunSITE Singapore. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2009. <http://sunsite.nus.sg/asiasvc.html>.

"Map of South-East Asia." Nations Online Project :: A Destination Guide to Countries and Nations of the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2009. <http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map_of_southeast_asia.htm>.

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